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The bitter chill isn’t just an inconvenience. It could kill you. A 2007 study by Olivier Deschenes and Enrico Moretti found that “the number of annual deaths attributable to cold temperature is 27,940 or 1.3% of total deaths in the US.”
Extreme cold turns out to be deadlier than extreme heat. Hot weather kills, but digging deep into the data, Deschenes and Moretti find that it mostly kills people who were already close to death. After the heat wave ends, the death rate drops so sharply that it totally offsets the weather-related spike. “The only effect of the weather shock is to change the timing of mortality, but not the number of deaths,” they write.
Periods of extreme cold are also associated with an immediate spike in deaths. But unlike extreme heat, there’s no offsetting decline in expected mortality in the weeks following cold snaps. The result is that “the cumulative effect of 1 day of extreme cold temperature during a 30-day window is an increase in daily mortality by as much as 10%.” In total, the authors calculate, the cold is responsible for more annual deaths than “leukemia, homicide, and chronic liver disease.”
This is particularly true in low-income communities. “The effect for counties in the bottom income decile is 66% larger than the effect for counties the top income decile.”
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